Volume 11, Issue 07 (July 2022)

Structural Performance of Orthogonal and Flat Type Stainless-Steel Plated Shear Wall

DOI : 10.17577/IJERTV11IS070070

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Hiba Farhana K A , Dr. S Syed Ibrahim , Rashida P K, 2022, Structural Performance of Orthogonal and Flat Type Stainless-Steel Plated Shear Wall, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY (IJERT) Volume 11, Issue 07 (July 2022),

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Structural Performance of Orthogonal and Flat Type Stainless-Steel Plated Shear Wall

Hiba Farhana K A1, Dr. S Syed Ibrahim2, Rashida P K3

1M Tech, Structural Engineering, Ilahia College of Engineering and Technology, Muvattupuzha, Kerala , India 2Associate Professor, Ilahia College of Engineering and Technology, Muvattupuzha, Kerala , India 3Assistant Professor, Ilahia College of Engineering and Technology, Muvattupuzha, Kerala , India

Abstract:- As a part of lateral force resisting system, steel plate shear walls have been widely used in number of buildings. In this study, stainless steel plates are used. Since it has better durability and corrosion resistance when compared to traditional steel. Stainless steel plated shear wall (SSPSW), as an innovative type of wall, consists of stainless-steel plates that are connected by different connector types such as stud, truss and combined stud and truss by welding. By different combination methods, the SSPSW can be used as beam, columns, floors, walls and other components in the building structure. In this study, T-shaped, L-shaped and flat type rectangular SSPSW are used for loading resistance. These SSPSWs are subjected to various loading condition like axial loading, eccentric and lateral loading along major and minor axis and evaluated the suitability of structure. The finite element analysis using ANSYS was used to analyze the influence of different design parameters SSCPW on load- bearing and seismic capacities.

Keywords: Stainless steel plated shear wall, axial loading, eccentric and lateral loading, load-bearing capacity, seismic capacity

  1. INTRODUCTION

    Stainless steel plated shear wall (SSPSW) is a new type of lateral load resisting system and are similar to sandwich structure. Stainless steel plated shear wall (SSPSW) consists of stainless-steel plates that are connected by different connector types such as stud, truss and combined stud and truss by welding. Stainless steels materials have better durability and corrosion resistance when compared to traditional steel. By different combination methods, the SSPSW can be used as beam, columns, floors, walls and other components in the building structure. In this study, T- shaped, L-shaped and flat type rectangular SSPSW are used for loading resistance. T-shaped SSPSW is connected by two rectangular walls and installed at the interior of building. L-shaped SSPSW is also connected by two rectangular walls and installed at the corner of the building. Flat type rectangular SSPSW can be installed at exterior or interior of the building. In this study, these SSPSWs are subjected to various loading condition like axial loading, eccentric and lateral loading along major and minor axis and evaluated the suitability of structure.

    For new type of sandwich structural element, there are many researches existing on the bearing capacity under different loading situation. Xing-Ping Shu, Su Yan, Yi Li and Bei- Rong Lu investigated the failure mechanism of T-shaped SSCPW under axial compression experimentally and numerically [1]. Xing-Ping Shu, Huai-Bing Wang, Yi Li, Zhi-Shen Yuan and Ke Li studied the failure mechanism of

    L-shaped SSCPW under axial compression by experiments and FE analysis [2].

      1. ADVANTAGES OF STAINLESS-STEEL PLATED SHEAR WALL

        • An SPW system, when designed and detailed properly, has relatively large energy dissipation capability with stable hysteretic behaviour, thus being very attractive for high-risk earthquake zones.

        • Because the web tension field acts much like a diagonal brace, an SPW system has relatively high initial stiffness, and is thus very effective in limiting wind drift.

        • Compared to reinforced concrete shear walls, SPWs are much lighter, which ultimately reduces the demand on columns and foundations, and reduces the seismic load, which is proportional to the mass of the structure.

        • Compared to reinforced concrete construction, the erection process of an all-steel building is significantly faster, thus reducing the construction duration, which is an important factor affecting the overall cost of a project.

        • By using shop-welded, field-bolted SPWs, field inspection is improved and a high level of quality control can be achieved.

        • For architects, the increased versatility and space savings because of the smaller cross-section of SPWs, compared to reinforced concrete shear walls, is a distinct benefit, especially in high-rise buildings, where reinforced concrete shear walls in lower floors become very thick and occupy a large proportion of the floor plan.

        • All-steel construction with SPWs is a practical and efficient solution for cold regions where concrete construction may not be feasible, as very low temperatures complicate construction and freeze- thaw cycles can result in durability problems.

        • In seismic retrofit applications, SPWs are typically much easier and faster to install than reinforced concrete shear walls, which is a critical issue when building occupancy needs to be maintained throughout the construction time.

        • In the event of inelastic response, steel panels are more readily replaced, and repairs are otherwise simpler than for equivalent reinforced-concrete systems.

      2. OBJECTIVES

        • To study under different connector types i.e., stud, truss type and combined stud and truss type.

        • To study different shapes of wall such as T- shaped, L-shaped, flat type rectangular wall.

        • To study different shapes of walls under eccentric loading to find out the bending performance.

        • To study different shapes of walls under axial loading to find out the load bearing capacity performance.

        • To study different shapes of walls under lateral loading to find out the lateral load resisting capacity.

  2. METHODOLOGY

The stainless-steel plated shear wall is modelled with different shapes and using different connectors. The models are then studied under different loading conditions such as axial loading, eccentric and lateral loading along major and minor axis. The modelling and analysis are carried out using ANSYS software. Load bearing capacity, bending capacity and seismic capacity of SSPSW is evaluated.

2.2 ANSYS SOFTWARE- MODELLING AND ANALYSIS

ANSYS is an American Computer-aided engineering software which stands for Analysis of Systems. ANSYS publishes engineering analysis software across a range of disciplines including finite element analysis, structural analysis, computational fluid dynamics, explicit and implicit methods and heat transfer.

In this project, stainless steel plated shear wall with different connectors is modelled using Finite Element Software ANSYS. These models are studied under different loadings such as axial, eccentric and lateral loading.

Static structural analysis will be carried out for the analysis of project work. A static structural analysis determines the displacements, stresses, strains, and forces in structures or components caused by loads that do not induce significant

inertia and damping effects. Steady loading and response conditions are assumed; that is, the loads and the structure's response are assumed to vary slowly with respect to time. A static structural analysis can be either linear or non-linear. As per the ANSYS manual for software verification, following are the acceptance criteria:

Exact: There is no difference between the ANSYS results and the independent results.

Acceptable: For maximum load carrying capacity values, the difference between the ANSYS software and the independent results does not exceed fifteen percent (15%). Unacceptable: For maximum load carrying values, the difference between the ANSYS software and the independent results exceeds fifteen percent (15%).

3 MODELLING OF STAINLESS-STEEL PLATED SHEAR WALL

Stainless-steel plated shear walls are modelled using ANSYS software with different shapes and different connectors. In this project, three different shapes of stainless-steel plated shear wall are used for modelling. They are T-shaped, L-shaped and flat type rectangular wall. The different connectors used are stud, truss and combined stud and truss respectively.

The size of the wall is considered as scale down approach. So, the height and width of the wall is scale down into 3:1 ratio. The dimension details of stainless-steel plated shear wall are given in Table 1.1 respectively.

Parameters of specimen

Dimension

Height of wall

1800mm

Width of wall

600mm

Thickness of wall

147mm

Diameter of stud

16mm

Diameter of truss

16 mm

Table 3.1 Dimensional Details

    1. MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL

      Table 3.2 Material Properties

      Properties

      Value

      Youngs Modulus

      1.93 x 105 MPa

      Poissons Ratio

      0.3

      Density

      7850 kg/m3

      Yield Strength

      238 MPa

      1. (b) (c)

        Figure 3.1 Modelling of T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector

      2. truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 3.2 Modelling of L-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using stud as connector(b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 3.3 Modelling of flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

    2. MESHING The meshing is done as quadrilateral mesh which is an 8- noded mesh. Programme controlled coarse mesh is adopted for meshing.

      1. (b) (c)

Figure 3.4 Meshing of T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

  1. (b) (c)

    Figure 3.5 Meshing of L-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

    1. (b) (c)

Figure 3.6 Meshing of flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

  1. ANALYSIS OF T-SHAPED, L-SHAPED AND FLAT TYPE RECTANGULAR STAINLESS STEEL PLATED SHEAR WALL UNDER AXIAL LOADING USING DIFFERENT CONNECTORS

    In this, the analysis of T- shaped, L-shaped and flat type rectangular stainless steel plated shear wall using different connectors under axial loading. Nine models are created using ANSYS software. For each shape, three models are

    created with three different types of connectors. The different connectors used are stud, truss and combined stud and truss type.

    1. LOADING

      The loading is given as displacement-controlled method till failure occurs. The boundary conditions of the finite element model are free at the upper end and fixed at the lower end. Loading is shown in fig. 4.1, fig. 4.2, fig. 4.3

      1. (b) (c)

        Figure 4.1 Loading of T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        1. (b) (c)

          Figure 4.2 Loading of L-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

          1. (b) (c)

            Figure 4.3 Loading of flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

    2. ANALYSIS

      Analysis is carried out to study the performance of different shaped stainless steel plated shear wall under axial loading

      using different connectors. Nonlinear static structural analysis is carried out in ANSYS software. Deformation and load carrying capacity is studied. The deformation diagrams are shown in following figures.

      1. (b) (c)

        Figure 4.4 Deformation diagram of T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 4.5 Deformation diagram of L-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 4.6 Deformation diagram of flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        The result obtained from the Nonlinear static structural analysis of different shaped stainless steel under axial compression using different connectors is compared each other. For that load deformation curve is taken for each model. The load and deflection obtained are compared. The

        Table 5.2 shows the load and deflection of the Stainless-steel plated shear wall under axial loading by changing shapes and connectors and Fig.5.13 shows the comparison of load deflection curve.

        Table 4.1 Comparison of Results

        Models

        Deformation (mm)

        Load (kN)

        T-ST-AX

        11.412

        1532.4

        L-ST-AX

        11.883

        1520.4

        F-ST-AX

        12.498

        2809.6

        T-TR-AX

        4.5191

        3179.9

        L-TR-AX

        11.581

        1665.7

        F-TR-AX

        4.3231

        3075.5

        Comb-T-TR-ST-AX

        6.6173

        2637.8

        Comb-TR-ST-AX

        10.383

        1427

        Comb-F-TR-ST-AX

        1.4015

        1138

        Figure 4.7 Load- Deformation Curve

        From figure 5.13 and table 5.2, it is observed that the range of load values varied from a minimum of 1138kN to a maximum of 3179.9kN on study of stainless-steel plated shear wall under axial loading by using different connectors. Flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using combined stud and truss as connector shows less load carrying capacity i.e., 1138kN, when compared to other models. It indicates that it cannot perform effectively as a high strength stainless-steel plated shear wall. T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using truss as connector shows more load carrying capacity when compared to other models. It signifies that it can perform effectively as a high strength stainless-steel plated shear wall in steel buildings.

  2. ANALYSIS OF T- SHAPED, L-SHAPED AND FLAT TYPE RECTANGULAR STAINLESS STEEL PLATED SHEAR WALL UNDER ECCENTRIC LOADING ALONG X-AXIS USING DIFFERENT CONNECTORS

    In this, the analysis of T- shaped, L-shaped and flat type rectangular stainless steel plated shear wall using different connectors under eccentric loading along x-axis. 100% eccentricity is provided. Nine models are created using ANSYS software. For each shae, three models are created with three different types of connectors. The different connectors used are stud, truss and combined stud and truss type.

    1. LOADING

      The loading is given as displacement-controlled method till failure occurs. The boundary conditions of the finite element model are free at the upper end and fixed at the lower end. Loading is shown in fig. 5.1, fig. 5.2, fig. 5.3

      1. (b) (c)

        Figure 5.1 Loading of T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 5.2 Loading of L-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 5.3 Loading of flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

    2. ANALYSIS

      Analysis is carried out to study the performance of different shaped stainless steel plated shear wall under eccentric loading along x-axis using different connectors. Nonlinear

      static structural analysis is carried out in ANSYS software. Deformation and load carrying capacity is studied. The deformation diagrams are shown in following figures.

      1. (b) (c)

        Figure 5.4 Deformation diagram of T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 5.5 Deformation diagram of L-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 5.6 Deformation diagram of flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        The result obtained from the Nonlinear static structural analysis of different shaped stainless steel under eccentric loading along x-axis using different connectors is compared

        each other. For that load deformation curve is taken for each model. The load and deflection obtained are compared. The Table 6.2 shows the load and deflection of the Stainless-steel

        plated shear wall under axial loading by changing shapes and connectors and Fig.6.7 shows the comparison of load deflection curve

        Table 5.1 Comparison of Results

        Models

        Deformation (mm)

        Load (kN)

        T-ST-E-X-300

        12.243

        1207.4

        L-ST-E-X-300

        14.303

        1020.4

        F-ST-E-X-73.5

        43.152

        1287

        T-TR-E-X-300

        12.188

        1126.1

        L-TR-E-X-300

        13.573

        1068

        F-TR-E-X-73.5

        47.013

        1465.9

        Comb-T-TR-ST-E-X-300

        11.113

        981.57

        Comb-TR-ST-E-X-300

        12.964

        936.86

        Comb-F-TR-ST-E-X-73.5

        44.255

        1355.9

        Figure 5.7 Load-Deformation Curve

        From figure 6.7 and table 6.2, it is observed that the range of load values varied from a minimum of 936.86kN to a maximum of 1465.9kN on study of stainless-steel plated shear wall under axial loading by using different connectors. L-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using combined stud and truss as connector shows less load carrying capacity i.e., 936.86kN, when compared to other models. It indicates that it cannot perform effectively as a high strength stainless- steel plated shear wall. Flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using truss as connector shows more load carrying capacity when compared to other models. It signifies that it can perform effectively as a high strength stainless-steel plated shear wall in steel building.

  3. ANALYSIS OF T- SHAPED, L-SHAPED AND FLAT TYPE RECTANGULAR STAINLESS STEEL PLATED SHEAR WALL UNDER ECCENTRIC LOADING ALONG Z-AXIS USING DIFFERENT CONNECTORS

    This chapter deals with the analysis of T- shaped, L-shaped and flat type rectangular stainless steel plated shear wall

    using different connectors under eccentric loading along z- axis. 100% eccentricity is provided. Nine models are created using ANSYS software. For each shape, three models are created with three different types of connectors. The different connectors used are stud, truss and combined stud and truss type.

    1. LOADING

      The loading is given as displacement-controlled method till failure occurs. The boundary conditions of the finite element model are free at the upper end and fixed at the lower end. Loading is shown in fig. 6.1, fig. 6.2, fig. 6.3

    2. ANALYSIS

      Analysis is carried out to study the performance of different shaped stainless steel plated shear wall under eccentric loading along z-axis using different connectors. Nonlinear static structural analysis is carried out in ANSYS software. Deformation and load carrying capacity is studied. The deformation diagrams are shown in following figures.

      1. (b) (c)

        Figure 6.1 Loading of T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 6.2 Loading of L-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 6.3 Loading of flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 6.4 Deformation diagram of T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        1. (b) (c)

          Figure 6.5 Deformation diagram of L-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

          1. (b) (c)

        Figure 6.6 Deformation diagram of flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        The result obtained from the Nonlinear static structural analysis of different shaped stainless steel under eccentric loading along z-axis using different connectors is compared each other. For that load deformation curve is taken for each model. The load and deflection obtained are compared. The

        Table 7.2 shows the load and deflection of the Stainless-steel plated shear wall under axial loading by changing shapes and connectors and Fig.7.7 shows the comparison of load deflection curve.

        Table 6.1 Comparison of Results

        Models

        Deformation (mm)

        Load (kN)

        T-ST-E-Z-300

        27.195

        1483.8

        L-ST-E-Z-300

        16.974

        927.98

        F-ST-E-Z-300

        11.618

        1022.3

        T-TR-E-Z-300

        21.943

        1089

        L-TR-E-Z-300

        17.79

        699.91

        F-TR-E-Z-300

        9.8001

        1098

        Comb-T-TR-ST-E-Z-300

        21.68

        1049

        Comb-TR-ST-E-Z-300

        15.474

        794.55

        Comb-F-TR-ST-E-Z-300

        12.952

        1062

        Figure 6.7 Load-Deformation Curve

        From figure 7.7 and table 7.2, it is observed that the range of load values varied from a minimum of 699.91kN to a maximum of 1483.8kN on study of stainless-steel plated shear wall under axial loading by using different connectors. L-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using truss as connector shows less load carrying capacity i.e., 699.91kN, when compared to other models. It indicates that it cannot perform effectively as a high strength stainless-steel plated shear wall. T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using stud as connector shows more load carrying capacity when compared to other models. It signifies that it can perform effectively as a high strength stainless-steel plated shear wall in steel building.

  4. ANALYSIS OF T- SHAPED, L-SHAPED AND FLAT TYPE RECTANGULAR STAINLESS STEEL PLATED SHEAR WALL UNDER LATERAL LOADING ALONG X-AXIS USING DIFFERENT CONNECTORS

    In this, the analysis of T- shaped, L-shaped and flat type rectangular stainless steel plated shear wall using different connectors under lateral loading along x-axis. 6% drift is provided. Nine models are created using ANSYS software. For each shape, three models are created with three different types of connectors. The different connectors used are stud, truss and combined stud and truss type.

    1. LOADING

      The loading is given as displacement-controlled method till failure occurs. The boundary conditions of the finite element model are free at the upper end and fixed at the lower end. Loading is shown in fig. 7.1, fig. 7.2, fig. 7.3

      1. (b) (c)

        Figure 7.1 Loading of T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 7.2 Loading of L-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 7.3 Loading of flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

    2. ANALYSIS

      Analysis is carried out to study the performance of different shaped stainless steel plated shear wall under lateral loading along x-axis using different connectors. Nonlinear static

      structural analysis is carried out in ANSYS software. Deformation and load carrying capacity is studied. The deformation diagrams are shown in following figures.

      1. (b) (c)

        Figure 7.4 Deformation diagram of T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 7.5 Deformation diagram of L-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 7.6 Deformation diagram of flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        The result obtained from the Nonlinear static structural analysis of different shaped stainless steel under lateral loading along x-axis using different connectors is compared each other. For that load deformation curve is taken for each model. The load and deflection obtained are compared. The

        Table 8.2 shows the load and deflection of the Stainless-steel plated shear wall under axial loading by changing shapes and connectors and Fig.8.7 shows the comparison of load deflection curve

        Table 7.1 Comparison of results

        Models

        Deformation (mm)

        Load (kN)

        T-ST–LLX

        11.247

        324.35

        L-ST-LL-X

        11.497

        226.49

        F-ST-LL-X

        58.675

        151.34

        T-TR-LL-X

        10.598

        297.29

        L-TR-LL-X

        14.614

        294.82

        F-TR-LL-X

        54.238

        166.54

        Comb-T-TR-ST-LL-X

        10.724

        276.23

        Comb-TR-ST-LL-X

        15.865

        277.92

        Comb-F-TR-ST-LL-X

        61.762

        162.64

        Figure 7.7 Load-Deformation Curve

        From figure 8.7 and table 8.2, it is observed that the range of load values varied from a minimum of 151.34kN to a maximum of 324.35kN on study of stainless-steel plated shear wall under axial loading by using different connectors. Flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using stud as connector shows less load carrying capacity i.e., 151.34kN, when compared to other models. It indicates that it cannot perform effectively as a high strength stainless- steel plated shear wall. T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using stud as connector shows more load carrying capacity when compared to other models. It signifies that it can perform effectively as a high strength stainless-steel plated shear wall in steel building.

  5. ANALYSIS OF T- SHAPED, L-SHAPED AND FLAT TYPE RECTANGULAR STAINLESS STEEL PLATED SHEAR WALL UNDER LATERAL LOADING ALONG Z-AXIS USING DIFFERENT CONNECTORS

    In this, the analysis of T- shaped, L-shaped and flat type rectangular stainless steel plated shear wall using different connectors under lateral loading along z-axis. 6% drift is provided. Nine models are created using ANSYS software. For each shape, three models are created with three different types of connectors. The different connectors used are stud, truss and combined stud and truss type.

    1. LOADING

      The loading is given as displacement-controlled method till failure occurs. The boundary conditions of the finite element model are free at the upper end and fixed at the lower end. Loading is shown in fig. 8.1, fig. 8.2, fig. 8.3

    2. ANALYSIS

      Analysis is carried out to study the performance of different shaped stainless steel plated shear wall under lateral loading along z-axis using different connectors. Nonlinear static

      structural analysis is carried out in ANSYS software. Deformation and load carrying capacity is studied. The deformation diagrams are shown in following figures.

      1. (b) (c)

        Figure 8.1 Loading of T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 8.2 Loading of L-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 8.3 Loading of flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 8.4 Deformation diagram of T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 8.5 Deformation diagram of L-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        (a) (b) (c)

        Figure 8.6 Deformation diagram of flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using (a) stud as connector (b) truss as connector (c) combined stud & truss as connector

        The result obtained from the Nonlinear static structural analysis of different shaped stainless steel under lateral loading along z-axis using different connectors is compared each other. For that load deformation curve is taken for each model. The load and deflection obtained are compared. The

        Table 9.2 shows the load and deflection of the Stainless-steel plated shear wall under axial loading by changing shapes and connectors and Fig.9.7 shows the comparison of load deflection curve.

        Table 8.1 Comparison of Results

        Models

        Deformation (mm)

        Load (kN)

        T-ST-LL-Z

        38.046

        307.27

        L-ST-LL-Z

        56.503

        361.27

        F-ST-LL-Z

        8.993

        553.6

        T-TR-LL-Z

        26.886

        278.27

        L-TR-LL-Z

        42.045

        354.15

        F-TR-LL-Z

        10.017

        594.98

        Comb-T-TR-ST-LL-Z

        18.095

        221.47

        Comb-TR-ST-LL-Z

        38.538

        340.43

        Comb-F-TR-ST-LL-Z

        10.91

        543.85

        Figure 8.7 Load-Deformation Curve

        From figure 9.7 and table 9.2, it is observed that the range of load values varied from a minimum of 221.47kN to a maximum of 594.98kN on study of stainless-steel plated

        shear wall under axial loading by using different connectors. T-shaped stainless-steel plated shear wall using combined stud and truss as connector shows less load carrying capacity

          1. ., 221.47kN, when compared to other models. It indicates that it cannot perform effectively as a high strength stainless- steel plated shear wall. Flat type rectangular stainless-steel plated shear wall using truss as connector shows more load carrying capacity when compared to other models. It signifies that it can perform effectively as a high strength stainless-steel plated shear wall in steel buildings.

  6. CONCLUSION

Stainless-steel plated shear walls with different shapes are modelled by using different connectors such as stud, truss and combined stud and truss and analyzed under different loading conditions such as axial, eccentric and lateral loading along major and minor axis. The comparison of stainless-steel plated shear walls is studied. The following conclusions are obtained:

      • From the study it is observed that the use of stainless steel plates increases the stiffness of the structure

      • From the study of axial loading case, it is observed that the range of load values varied from a minimum of 1138kN to a maximum of 3179 kN on studies of use of different connectors.

      • T- shaped stainless steel plated shear wall connected by truss performed effectively while providing axial load.

      • From the study of eccentric loading along x- axis, it is observed that the range of load values varied from a minimum of 936kN to a maximum of 1465kN on studies of use of different connectors.

      • Flat type rectangular wall connected by truss showed effective performance while providing eccentric loading along x-axis.

      • From the study of eccentric loading along z- axis, it is observed that the range of load values varied from a minimum of 699kN to a maximum of 1483kN on studies of use of different connectors.

      • T- shaped stainless steel plated shear wall connected by stud showed good performance while providing eccentric loading along z-axis.

      • From the study of lateral loading along x- axis, it is observed that the range of load values varied from a minimum of 151kN to a maximum of 324kN on studies of use of different connectors.

      • T- shaped stainless steel plated shear wall connected by stud performed effectively while providing lateral loading along x-axis.

  • From the study of lateral loading along z- axis, it is observed that the range of load values varied from a minimum of 221kN to a maximum of 594.98kN on studies of use of different connectors.

  • Flat type rectangular wall connected by truss showed effective performance while providing lateral loading along z-axis.

  • It can be concluded that T-shaped stainless steel plated shear wall connected by truss shows the better performance when compared to all models studied under different loading condition and different connectors.

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