Study of X-band Circular Antenna

Study of X-band Circular Antenna

Abstract :- In this paper, we are studying X-band circular Antenna with Dual Polarization in Circular Waveguide. To study the circular antenna, first we need to study modeling (i.e. Macromodeling) of circular antenna performed by many organizations using a simulation tool called High Frequency Structure Simulator(HFSS) for efficient modeling of antenna. During this study of antenna structure we see the remarkable application to reduce time consumption and the number of resources we use in designing of the wireless or antenna system. For the above macromodeling, we use circular waveguide mounted over the antenna ridge, operating at a certain acceptable frequency band. As a result, the antenna is tightly integrated using deep ridge circular waveguide with cascade arrangement of microstrip dipole antenna. Hence, large scaling angle is achieved using the shared aperture of our antenna. The X-band microstrip patch antenna has been presented with enhanced bandwidth. The proposed antenna is designed on 40mmX40mm printed circuit board and is excited by microstrip line. This antenna is composed of circular slot to generate two resonances and to increase in the desired band. Return loss -17.14dB and -14.29dB which is below -10dB in X- band(8GHz-12GHz). It has achieved stable radiation efficiency of 78.85% and average peak gain 4.31dB in the frequency band. So, the impedence of proposed antenna is 1.59GHz.

Index Terms :- Circular Antenna, Dual Polarization, Circular Waveguide, HFSS, Macromodeling.

1. INTRODUCTION

   X-band(or also known as SHF, i.e. Super High Frequency ranging from 3 to 30 GHz) is widely used in the antenna communication and in the radio frequency region of the Electromagnetic Spectrum used in several sectors. In Microstrip Array Antenna, X-band frequency range is used to efficiently scan the large number of areas in one- dimension as well as two-dimension in apparently less time. Nowadays, major problem occurs in designing of circuit circumscribing of high rate data bit in the physical data link layer is by circuit cascading but have high total power consumption. As a applications of Microstrip Antennas, many wireless communication devices, such as RADAR, Satellites and Spaceborne Systems, which are cost efficiency, simple geometrical structure for ease of installation and fabrication.

   Fig. 1

   The circular antennas gains large popularity in digital communication sector due to its cost efficiency and small size. The components requiring in circular polarized microstrip array antenna has no problem of orientation in transmitting and receiving. Microstrip array antenna with circular polarization resolves the problem of small scale fading (occurring in the digital communication which degrades the performance of the communication system), by leading to a system with better spectral efficiency. Instead of using linear polarized antenna, circular polarized antenna is used as the polarization distortion immunity is high. The efficiency is more in Conventional narrow band Circularly Polarized antenna than wide band circularly polarized antenna the. Broad Bandwidth in digital communication is also desired to increase the capacity for digital system, as the Circular Polarized Microstrip Antenna is more immune to the orientation and have to ability to decrease its multiple path fading effect. Over the last few years, different types of Circular Polarized Antenna have been contrived for different antenna band operations. As the radiation pattern of the circular polarized antenna is bidirectional and have low gain, which is a pitfall. So, to overcome this snag, microstrip antenna has been ratified to attain unidirectional radiation pattern and high gain. Although, many microstrip antennas suffer from bandwidth issues, i.e. Axial Ratio Bandwidth and Narrow Impedance Bandwidth.

2. STUDY

   Waveguide slot array is divided in two groups: 1- staticwave arrays

   2- travelling wave arrays.

   In order to design this antenna, static wave array is used since slots are in

   resonance state in static wave array For designing the radiation element, offset of each slot is obtained. Then, for calculating the length of each slot, one slot antenna is simulated with various offsets and by changing the length of the slot for each value of offset, resonance state is obtained.

   Fig : 2

   The gain of antenna is 23.27dB which more than required and effective. As it can be understood from the gain of antenna the side lobe of antenna pattern level should be less than -15dB, which can be desirable.The Half power beam width is 9 degree for better efficiency. The imaginary part of the admittance approaches to zero to give better performance. The band-width of the antenna without magic-T is 100MHz that is very good for detecting the target. In addition, direction of the main lobe of antenna does not change by frequency. In order to attain this antenna in various plane for other frequency values. It is obvious that the direction of the main lobe does not change with frequency variation.

   Fig. 3

3. CONCLUSION

   The growth of digital communication and data transfer using handsets and personal communications (PCS) devices has developed the lack for major advancements of antenna designs as a fundamental part of any radio system. This type

   of antenna is used in most of the radio systems . These antennas are widely used on base stations devices.The Microstrip antennas have a variety of configurations and are currently the most active field in antenna research and development. The microstrip antennas is great advantages and increasingly wide range of applications in wireless communication systems as well as the satellite communication systems, and biomedical applications. It cause the radiations that may cause health hazardous effects.The type of antenna has low profile, and easy to integrate with other wireless communication system components. The antenna designer must consider all these issues besides the electrical characteristics of the antenna performance which include antenna tuning (operating frequency), VSWR and return loss(input impedance), bandwidth, gain and directivity, radiation pattern, diversity, and size of the chassis (expressed as a function of wavelengths) and specific absorption rate (SAR) of the antenna. These design considerations have led antenna designers to consider a wide variety of structures to meet the often conflicting needs for different applications.

   In future this type of antenna is used in many industries which reduce the manual work also the new designs are investigated for several wireless communication applications. The new design of harvesting is also use these type of technique for better productivity .There are different microstrip antenna characteristics but also valuable information about numerical analysis and fabrications.

4. RESULT

   In this paper modeling of X-band Microstrip array antenna with dual polarization and circular waveguide have been studied. Since, the antenna have the active aperture for the , this antenna can be used for detection purpose. The modeling of antenna is completed and the antenna simulated. The gain of this antenna is 23.27 dB for f = fc = 9.4GHz which is desirable. The side lobe level is less than -10 dB that is satisfactory. The beam width of the antenna is also close to our requirement.

   Fig. : 4

5. REFERENCE

1. Dual-Band Gemini-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for C- Band and X-Band Applications by Erard Djengomemgoto, Reha Altunok, Cem Karabacak and Taha ÚImeci and Tahsin Durak Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Commerce University, Istanbul, Turkey Department of Technology, NSU, Norfolk, VA.

2. Dual-Band Circularly-Polarized Shared-Aperture Array for C/X-Band Satellite Communicationsby Chun-Xu Mao, Steven Gao, Senior Member, IEEE, Yi Wang, Senior Member, IEEE, Qing-Xin Chu, Senior Member, IEEE, Xue-Xia Yang,

   Member, IEEE

3. X-Band Antenna Module for Advanced Navigational Phased Array RadarStefan Radzijewski, Nils Hansen, Jan-Philip Mohncke and Arne F. Jacob Institut f¨ur Hochfrequenztechnik Technische Universit¨at Hamburg-Harburg 21073 Hamburg,

   Germany

4. Single Layer Proximity Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna for Circularly Polarized Dual Band Wireless Applications by Ankit Goel, Sachin Kumar, Shobhit Saxena, Rahul Tiwari

5. Circularly Polarized Implantable Antenna for ISM-Band Biomedical Devices Ke Zhang, Changrong Liu, Xueguan Liu, Huiping Guo, and Xinmi Yang School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China

6. Dual Band Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna for X-Band Applications by Anuj Kumar Sahoo Ravi Dutt Gupta Manoj Singh Parihar Department of Electronics & Department of Electronics & Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Communication Engineering Communication Engineering IIT Roorkee PDPM IIITDM Jabalpur PDPM IIITDM Jabalpur Roorkee, India Jabalpur, India Jabalpur, India