Urbanization- Indian Scenario

Urbanization- Indian Scenario

Reeta Meena

Urban Planning, CED

Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India

Navender S. Raghav, Renu Meena Department of Civil Engineering Poornima Group of Institutions, Jaipur, India

Abstract – The urban growth in the India is discussed in this paper. How the growth is taken place at different places, cities and states in India. The growth pattern in India can be studied through this paper. It can be helpful in the infrastructure design and resource planning for any city as we know the growth pattern of that particular city.

KeywordsTown, urban agglomeration, out growth, migration, degree of urbanization.

1. INTRODUCTION

   In this graduate report urban population scenario in India, Growth rate of urban population, degree of urbanization and migration pattern in India are to be discussed.

   Urbanization is an index of conversion from conventional rural providence to modern factories one. It is a lengthy term process. Urbanisation is an effect of demographic outbreak and poverty produce rural-urban posting. Urbanisation is transpiring not due to urban pull but due to rural push. The pattern of urbanization in India is indicated by constant absorption of population and undertaking in huge cities.

   Urbanisation plays a huge role in social conversion and economic strength. It may aggravate inequalities; create new occasion, or all above. Metropoliscould bepower source of reduction in poverty, both within their frontierand through the commercial, mankind, and ease flow between urban and rural India. They could also duplicate existing civic stratification and aggravate the suffering of poverty by centralizes on the beggarly. In short, urbanisation is a conversion to be quantified with.

2. WHAT IS URBAN AREA?

   1. Towns

      The survey of India 2011, the explanation of urban district is given below:

   2. Statutory town

      Location with a municipality, organisation and cantonment board or inform the nagar panchayat, etc.

   3. Census Town

      All other area which pleased the following standard:

      1. At least population of 5,000

      2. At least 75 per cent of the masculine head working population cast-off in non-agricultural project

      3. A bunch of population of not less than 400 persons per km.sq.

   4. Urban Agglomeration

      An urban assembly is a constant urban spread compose a township and its adjoining outgrowths, or two or more

      physically next to towns jointly with or without growth of such towns.

      Examples: Greater Mumbai UA, Delhi UA, etc.

   5. Out Growths

   An Out Growth is a practical element such as a village or an enumeration block made up of such village and clearly observable in terms of its frontier and location. Some of the samples are co-operative societies, campus of university, port area, army lodges, etc.

   Examples: Central Railway Colony (OG), Triveni Nagar (N.E.C.S.W.) (OG), etc.

   Number of UAs/Towns and out growths

3. ASPECTS OF URBANIZATION

   1. Physical environment

      Physical environment involve its site, its climate and its presence to sources of food and water.

   2. Social environment

      Social environment involve the batch to which a city's local belong, the community in which they reside, the corporation of its workplaces. One of the biggest matters in most cities is the unfair distribution of means.

   3. Economic environment

   Primary patron, such as construct as well as research and development companies, retail businesses, universities, confederate labs, local government, cultural institutions, & departments of tourism all play strong roles in a city's economy.

4. POPULATION SCENARIO

   53 Million Plus Cities of India: 2011

   • Population by Rural Urban Accommodation: India 2011

   • Survey 2011 is the 15th Survey of India since 1872 stated that Out of the total of 121.02 crore population in India, the area of Rural population is 83.31 crore (or 68.84% of the Complete Population) and Urban population 37.71 crore (or 31.16%)

   • During 2001 to 2011 the population of the country expand by 18.14 crore

   • Grow in Rural areas: – 9.04 crore

   • Grow in Urban areas: – 9.10 crore

     Country	In 2001	In 2011	Difference
     India	102.9	121.0	18.1
     Rural	74.3	83.3	9.04
     Urban	28.6	37.7	9.10

     Rural urban distribution of population

     Urban Population share of States-

     Maharashtra is on top position in urban population share with population of 50.8 million and in Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh urban population is negligible.

     Population distribution

     Urban India 1951

     Urban India 2011

     Urban India 2031

     • Source : IIHS, Indian urban conference, Urban India 2011:Evidence

       Growth rate

   • Throughout 2001 to 2011 the population of India grow at a rate of 2.8% according to CAGR (Common Annual Growth Rate), then the resulting in increase in the amount of urbanization from 27.81% to 31.2%.

   • The decelerate of the altogether growth rate of population is due to the keen decrease in the growth rate of rural areas, while the growth rate in urban areas residue almost the similar.

     Source: Census of India 2011

     TABLE- AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF URBAN POPULATION FOR WORLDS MAJOR REGIONS AND INDIA (1950- 2050)

     Change in Urban Built-up Area & Land Cover Degree of urbanization

     • The degree of urbanization is defined as comparative number of people who reside in urban areas.

     • Rural percentage = (R/P)*100

     • Urban percentage = (U/P)*100

     • Urban to Rural percentage = (U/R)*100 These are used to estimate the degree of urbanisation.

     Migration pattern

     • Uttar Pradesh guides the nation as an interstate emigration destination followed by Delhi, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan.

     • Delhi guides as a destination for net rural to urban emigration (from UP, Bihar and Haryana) come after by Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Andhra Pradesh.

     • While differentiate total urban to urban emigration, Delhi again guides other states as a destination come after thoroughly by Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Karnataka.

     • Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka as wellconveyimportantemigration into urban areas.

       Estimated Major Inter-State Migration Streams: 2001-2011

       Estimated Major Net Rural to Urban Inter-State Migration: 2001-2011

       Estimated Major Net Urban to Urban Inter-State Migration: 2001-2011

5. CONCLUSION

• In 1951, there were only 5 Indian cities with a population greater than 1 million and only 41 cities greater than 0.1 million populations. Yet much of India effectively lived in 0.56 million villages.

• In 2011, there are 3 cities with ppulation greater than 10 million and 53 cities with population greater than 1 million. Over 833 million Indians lived in 0.64 million villages but 377 million lived in about 8,000 urban centres.

By 2031, it is projected that there will be 6 cities with a population greater than 10 million. A key question is how many Indians would live in how many medium and small towns – the bridge between a transforming rural and urban India?

This brief and intensive underlying analysis pulls together available evidence from national surveys, the Census of India remote sensing data on urban spatial dynamics, published and grey literature. The picture created is far removed from the lived reality of urban India, and the aggregate summaries may be at odds with the varied circumstances that policymakers, entrepreneurs and civil society face as they seek to intervene in the urban transition. However, it places these experiences in their broader context and provides some basis for a shared understanding of the underlying trends behind the everyday and individual observations of how India and its urban areas are evolving.

REFERENCES

1. Dr. R.N. Dubey 2010, urbanization and urban planning in India,Shree natraj prakashan, New Delhi.

2. Indian institute for human settlement, [November 22, 2011, Urban India 2011: Evidence, India urban conference]

3. Amitabh Kundu [ September 2011, Trends and processes of urbanisation in India, Human Settlements Group, IIED and Population and Development Branch, UNFPA , Urbanization and Emerging Population Issues – 6 ]

4. Dr. Purobi Sharma [ Feb 2014, Serving the Cities: An Indian Scenario, IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR- JHSS) Volume 19, Issue 1 Ver. X (Feb. 2014), PP 15-22]

5. Pranati Dutta [ 21 June 2006 , Urbanisation in India , Regional and Sub-Regional Population Dynamic Population Process in Urban Areas European Population Conference 21-24 June, 2006 ]

6. Prof. T. I. Eldho , Dept. Civil, IIT Bombay Mumbai, India [ October 9-11, 2014, URBAN PLANNING IN INDIA CHALLENGES & SOLUTIONS , IFAT 2014 ]

7. Kadi, A.S. Halingali, B.I. &Ravi Shankar, P [2012 , PROBLEMS OF URBANIZATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE STUDY IN INDIA , I.J.S.N., VOL. 3(1) 2012: 93-104]